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指令1999/5/EC自2016年6月13日起生效,歐盟RED(無(wú)線電設(shè)備指令)已于2017年6月13日后生效。歐盟委員會(huì)發(fā)布了關(guān)于CE認(rèn)證的藍(lán)色指南2016/C272/01。以下清楚地解釋了歐盟產(chǎn)品規(guī)則。
從上圖中我們可以看出,通過(guò)進(jìn)行“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估”方式確認(rèn)產(chǎn)品是否符合RED指令中所提到的ESR(Essentialrequirements)要求,因此RED和R&TTE的實(shí)質(zhì)上區(qū)別不大,一些具體變化我們?cè)谙挛闹袝?huì)做進(jìn)一步闡述,在RED中相較于R&TTE指令,其強(qiáng)化了“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估”的必要性,并將相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)責(zé)任明確到了由簽署DoC的制造商承擔(dān)。在大多數(shù)情況下,制造商所獲得的CE標(biāo)志將不再帶有NB號(hào)碼,除非采用NB審廠的認(rèn)證模式。
從兩個(gè)指令中Scope、Definitions、Essential requirement、Label、User Manual、Package、RED DoC Letter等方面總結(jié)下新舊指令的主要差異。
1、Scope(范圍):
RED Scope |
R&TTE Scope |
This Directive establishes a regulatory framework for the making available on the market and putting into service in the Union of radio equipment. |
This Directive establishes a regulatory framework for the placing on the market, free movement and putting into service in the Community of radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment. ANNEX I(4).Receive only radio equipment intended to be used solely for the reception of sound and TV broadcasting services |
我們從新舊指令的Article 1 Scope內(nèi)容對(duì)比分析,主要變化在:
1、RED產(chǎn)品范圍包括無(wú)線通訊和無(wú)線識(shí)別設(shè)備,至于有線通訊終端設(shè)備(TTE)則被從新指令中移除。
2、無(wú)線廣播接收機(jī)現(xiàn)已納入RED指令的管控范圍,之前在舊R&TTE指令附錄I中屬于非管制產(chǎn)品。
2、Definition(定義):
RED Article 2 Definitions |
R&TTE Article 2 Definitions |
(4)“radio waves”means electromagnetic waves of frequencies lower than 3 000 GHz, propagated in space without artificial guide; (12)‘manufacturer’means any natural or legal person who manufactures radio equipment or has radio equipment designed or manufactured, and markets that equipment under his name or trade mark; |
(d)"radio waves" means electromagnetic waves of frequencies from 9kHz to 3000 GHz, propagated in space without artificial guide; |
我們從新舊指令的Article 2 Definitions內(nèi)容對(duì)比分析,主要變化:
1、RED指令之覆蓋頻率的下限已被取消,舊R&TTE管控的起始頻率是9kHz,上限依然是3000GHZ。
2、新RED中的增加了制造商Manufacturer定義,以制造商本身名字或商標(biāo)標(biāo)識(shí),制造或設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)這種無(wú)線產(chǎn)品的法人或者自然人才可稱為Manufacturer,制造商是Certificate持有者,并且負(fù)責(zé)簽署DOC。
請(qǐng)注意:不是品牌所有者的OEM廠商不能簽署DOC。
3、Essential Requirements(認(rèn)證要求):
RED Essential requirements: |
R&TTE Essential requirements: |
1. Radio equipment shall be constructed so as to ensure: (a) the protection of health and safety of persons and of domestic animals and the protection of property, including the objectives with respect to safety requirements set out in Directive 2014/35/EU, but with no voltage limit applying; (b) an adequate level of electromagnetic compatibility as set out in Directive 2014/30/EU. 2. Radio equipment shall be so constructed that it both effectively uses and supports the efficient use of radio spectrum in order to avoid harmful interference. 3. Radio equipment within certain categories or classes shall be so constructed that it complies with the following essential requirements: (a) radio equipment interworks with accessories, in particular with common chargers; (b) radio equipment interworks via networks with other radio equipment; (c) radio equipment can be connected to interfaces of the appropriate type throughout the Union; (d) radio equipment does not harm the network or its functioning nor misuse network resources, thereby causing an unacceptable degradation of service; (e) radio equipment incorporates safeguards to ensure that the personal data and privacy of the user and of the subscriber are protected; (f) radio equipment supports certain features ensuring protection from fraud; (g) radio equipment supports certain features ensuring access to emergency services; (h) radio equipment supports certain features in order to facilitate its use by users with a disability; (i) radio equipment supports certain features in order to ensure that software can only be loaded into the radio equipment where the compliance of the combination of the radio equipment and software has been demonstrated. |
1. The following essential requirements are applicable to all apparatus: (a) the protection of the health and the safety of the user and any other person,including the objectives with respect to safety requirements contained in Directive73/23/EEC, but with no voltage limit applying; (b) the protection requirements with respect to electromagnetic compatibility contained in Directive 89/336/EEC. 2. In addition, radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio communication and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference. 3. In accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 15, the Commission may decide that apparatus within certain equipment classes or apparatus of particular types shall be so constructed that: (a) it interworks via networks with other apparatus and that it can be connected to interfaces of the appropriate type throughout the Community; and/or that (b) it does not harm the network or its functioning nor misuse network resources, thereby causing an unacceptable degradation of service; and/or that (c) it incorporates safeguards to ensure that the personal data and privacy of the user and of the subscriber are protected; and/or that (d) it supports certain features ensuring avoidance of fraud; and/or that (e) it supports certain features ensuring access to emergency services; and/or that (f) it supports certain features in order to facilitate its use by users with a disability. |
我們從新舊指令Article 3 Essential requirements的內(nèi)容要求上對(duì)比分析,新RED主要變化是:
1、RED管控的無(wú)線電設(shè)備不受LVD指令或電磁兼容指令(EMCD)的影響。
2、增加針對(duì)家畜和寵物的防護(hù)考慮。
3、新指令在safety 和health上的須符合最新LVD指令2014/35/EU。
4、新指令在EMC方面須符合最新EMC指令2014/30/EU。
5、新指令提出了設(shè)備配套使用的附件一致性要求,重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了充電器的兼容性問(wèn)題。
6、新指令提出了無(wú)線設(shè)備植入軟件的符合要求評(píng)估。
一、如何定義RED中的Manufacturer?
RED里規(guī)定的Manufacturer就是Certificate holder證書(shū)擁有者。只有Manufacturer可以簽署符合RED的DoC letter,這個(gè)DoC大部分的客戶都是直接印在Users Manual里面。
那么對(duì)于RED來(lái)說(shuō),Manufacturer的定義是什么呢?
A. Brand Owner,也就是品牌商,例如Apple、ZTE、華為。
B. ODM,也就是替品牌商設(shè)計(jì)跟制造產(chǎn)品。例如Asus會(huì)替HP設(shè)計(jì)跟制造印表機(jī),Asus就是ODM。請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e注意單純的制造叫OEM不叫ODM,例如Foxconn替Apple制造,Foxconn就只是Factory不是Manufacturer。
注意:當(dāng)品牌商是委托ODM設(shè)計(jì)制造產(chǎn)品的時(shí)候,他們雙方就要協(xié)調(diào)誰(shuí)是Manufacturer, 可以是品牌商也可以是ODM。Manufacturer的資料會(huì)出現(xiàn)在RED申請(qǐng)書(shū)跟RED證書(shū)上。所以這一點(diǎn)務(wù)必確認(rèn)清楚。
二、RED對(duì)產(chǎn)品的Label(標(biāo)簽)要求:
區(qū)別于 R&TTE Directive, RED不一樣的地方:
A. 不需要印NB number, 除非廠商有 RED Annex IV 整廠認(rèn)證
B. Manufacturer name & address, 如果 label 空間不夠則可以印在 Users manual 和 Package。
C. class 2 device不再需要印感嘆號(hào) “!”(Alert Sign)。
三、RED對(duì)產(chǎn)品的Users Manual(用戶手冊(cè))要求:
區(qū)別于 R&TTE 的地方, RED對(duì)Users Manual的要求:
A. 必須標(biāo)示 Operating Frequency Range 跟 Max Output Power。
B. 如果產(chǎn)品只限定在室內(nèi)使用必須有相關(guān)的使用說(shuō)明,例如 5150-5350MHz 只能在室內(nèi)使用。
C. Class 2 device,如果某些國(guó)家對(duì)該產(chǎn)品使用頻率有限制的話則必須要有新的標(biāo)示 (見(jiàn)以下包裝要求的內(nèi)容) 。
四、RED對(duì)產(chǎn)品的Package (包裝)要求:
區(qū)別于R&TTE,RED對(duì)Class 2 device的警告標(biāo)示方式也有所不同。
1.在包裝/附帶說(shuō)明中提供的信息應(yīng)允許在成員國(guó)內(nèi)的成員國(guó)或地理區(qū)域的識(shí)別,其中存在對(duì)使用授權(quán)的使用或要求的限制;
2.象形圖應(yīng)采用桌子的形式,并應(yīng)明顯地粘貼在包裝上;
以下是目前歐盟正在討論的標(biāo)示方式,一般預(yù)估以下標(biāo)示方式會(huì)是最后的版本。
五、RED DoC Letter(符合聲明信):
1、這個(gè)部分跟R&TTE不一樣的是內(nèi)容必須要說(shuō)明這個(gè)產(chǎn)品販賣的時(shí)候附屬的周邊產(chǎn)品(包含選配)的廠牌型號(hào)(例如 Adapter) 。
2、以及牽涉無(wú)線電功能的Hardware/Software/Firmware版本。
舊的R&TTE認(rèn)證過(guò)的產(chǎn)品,將于2017年6月12日后不再適用歐盟市場(chǎng)要求。針對(duì)舊指令下已經(jīng)認(rèn)證過(guò)的產(chǎn)品,且在2017年6月12日后確有持續(xù)出口需求,我們建議您可以做如下工作:
1、資料方面按照前文所述進(jìn)行更新;
2、測(cè)試報(bào)告按照根據(jù)RED協(xié)調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充差異測(cè)試;
3、按照RED模板,重新簽署DoC文件。
針對(duì)已經(jīng)完成R&TTE指令認(rèn)證上市銷售的產(chǎn)品,如其銷售周期也需延續(xù)到2017年6月12日后,則根據(jù)RED相關(guān)精神,制造商、進(jìn)口商、分銷商有責(zé)任確保產(chǎn)品持續(xù)符合新指令帶來(lái)的差異要求,否則可能會(huì)有面臨退市,召回或下架的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能。建議這部分客戶可以采用之前的評(píng)估和補(bǔ)充差異測(cè)試的方式進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充認(rèn)證。
截止到今天,歐盟共發(fā)布47個(gè)RED的協(xié)調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),包括WIFI、BT等設(shè)備的RED認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EN 300
328 V2.1.1(RED)。需要說(shuō)明的是僅部分采用協(xié)調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí),需由NB機(jī)構(gòu)審核所有認(rèn)證技術(shù)資料。
六、RED指令與RTTE的測(cè)試差異
那么,如何符合新的CE-RED認(rèn)證要求?什么是最好的時(shí)間進(jìn)行紅色?如何從R&TTE指令更新到RED指令?RED指令會(huì)影響市場(chǎng)上的產(chǎn)品嗎?
RED從2016年6月13日起受到影響,如果制造商想要在RED下進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證,他們應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)。
舊的R&TTE Certified產(chǎn)品不能滿足歐盟市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督在2014年6月12日后,這種情況轉(zhuǎn)變:
如上所述,更新了RED后的TCF;
根據(jù)RED協(xié)調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)施不同的測(cè)試;
按照紅色辭職DOC。
紅色一致性評(píng)估解決方案:
采用附件三合格性評(píng)定模塊B歐盟式檢驗(yàn),認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)檢查技術(shù)文件和證據(jù),以評(píng)估無(wú)線電設(shè)備的技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)是否充分。
通知機(jī)構(gòu)審核所有技術(shù)文件,包括測(cè)試報(bào)告。
截至目前,歐盟官方雜志發(fā)表了47項(xiàng)REDHarmonized標(biāo)準(zhǔn),例如EN 300 328 V2.1.1(新);
寬帶傳輸系統(tǒng);在2.4GHz ISM頻帶中工作并使用寬帶調(diào)制技術(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸設(shè)備;協(xié)調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)涵蓋了2014/53/EU指令第3.2條的要求。